Anti-doping education and consideration /intention of using prohibited substances in Botswana, Zambia, and Papua New Guinea

Summary: The objectives of this study are to assess:

• Athletes’ perceptions of anti-doping education in each of three countries
• The impact of anti-doping educational programs
• Elite athletes’ levels of ant-doping knowledge
• Factors related to athletes’ perceptions of various substances and their intentions of using them
• Examine these variables cross-culturally