ADAMS (Anti-Doping Administration and Management System) enablesathletes and anti-doping organizations to enter and share data related todoping control and meet certain responsibilities under the World Anti-DopingCode (Code). ADAMS is an online, Web-based system, which allows restrictedsharing of data only with those organizations with a right to access such datain accordance with the Code.

Report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADA-approved testingentity that identifies in a doping control sample the presence of a prohibitedsubstance or its metabolites or markers (including elevated quantities ofendogenous substances) or evidence of the use of a prohibited method. An adverse analytical finding does not necessarily lead to an anti-doping ruleviolation, since an athlete may have a Therapeutic Use Exemption for thisparticular substance. An adverse analytical finding may also correspond to ameasurement performed on an athlete as part of a longitudinal study.

Organization that is responsible for adopting and executing rules for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the doping control process.This includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other major event organizations that conduct testing at their events, the World Anti-Doping Agency, International Sports Federations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations.

Determination that one of the following rule violations listed in the Code has occurred:

• The presence of a prohibited substance or its metabolites or markersin an athlete’s bodily specimen;
• Use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or a prohibitedmethod;
• Refusing, or failing without compelling justification, to submit tosample collection after notification, as authorized in applicable antidopingrules or otherwise evading sample collection;
• Violation of applicable requirements regarding athlete availability forout-of-competition testing, including failure to provide whereaboutsinformation and missed tests which are declared based on reasonablerules;
• Tampering, or attempting to tamper, with any part of doping control;
• Possession of prohibited substances and methods;
• Trafficking in any prohibited substance or prohibited method;
• Administration or attempted administration of a prohibited substanceor prohibited method to any athlete, or assisting, encouraging, aiding,abetting, covering up or any other type of complicity involving ananti-doping rule violation or any attempted violation.

Program aiming at educating athletes about the dangers and consequencesof doping, and their rights and responsibilities in the doping control process.WADA’s Athlete Outreach Program was launched in 2001 and has beencarried out at dozens of major multi-sports events. The Athlete Outreach Program recruits a team composed of anti-doping experts from around theworld to interact with participants to raise awareness about doping.

Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical orparamedical personnel, parent or any other person working with treating orassisting an athlete participating in or preparing for sports competition.

Information provided by or on behalf of an athlete which details the athlete’slocation on a daily basis in order to enable unannounced testing.

Sequence of individuals or organizations who have the responsibility for adoping control sample, from the provision of the sample until the sample hasbeen received by the laboratory for analysis.

Official who is trained and authorized by the anti-doping organization to carryout specific duties including one or more of the following: notification of theathlete selected for sample collection, accompanying and observing theathlete until arrival at the doping control station, and/or witnessing andverifying the provision of the sample where the training qualifies him/her todo so.

Means that a sports organization has amended its rules and policies to respect the mandatory articles and principles of the World Anti-Doping Code and is enforcing them.

Means that a sports organization amends its rules and policies to include thearticles and principles of the World Anti-Doping Code.

The Copenhagen Declaration on Anti-Doping in Sport (Copenhagen Declaration) is a political document through which governments signal theirintention to adopt the World Anti-Doping Code through the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport. The Copenhagen Declaration was finalized by governments at the second World Conference on Doping in Sport in Copenhagen in March 2003.

Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)Institution which is independent of any sports organization and provides forservices in order to facilitate the settlement of sport-related disputes througharbitration or mediation by means of procedural rules adapted to the specificneeds of the sports world. CAS is often referred to as “sport’s supremecourt.” WADA has a right of appeal to CAS for doping cases under thejurisdiction of organizations that have implemented the World Anti-Doping Code.

Process including test distribution planning, sample collection and handling,laboratory analysis, therapeutic use exemptions, results management,hearings and appeals.

Official who has been trained and authorized by the anti-doping organizationwith delegated responsibility for the on-site management of a samplecollection session. Doping Control Station Location where the sample collection session is conducted.

Team of anti-doping experts, gathered by WADA for a major sporting event,who monitor, audit and report on the doping control and results managementprocesses at that particular event.

International non-governmental organization administering one or moresports at global level.International StandardStandard adopted by WADA in support of the World Anti-Doping Code. Aspart of the World Anti-Doping Program, WADA developed four International Standards aimed at bringing harmonization among anti-doping organizationsin technical areas: the Prohibited List, the International Standard for Testing,the International Standard for Laboratories, and the International Standardsfor Therapeutic Use Exemption. Harmonization in the global fight againstdoping is achieved by the adherence of stakeholders to the World Anti-Doping Program (WADP). There are three levels to the WADP: the Code, theInternational Standards, and Models of Best Practice. The Code andInternational Standards are mandatory for those participating in the WADP.

Continental associations of National Olympic Committees and otherinternational multi-sport organizations that function as the ruling body forany continental, regional or other international event.

Compound, group of compounds or biological parameters that indicates theuse of a prohibited substance or prohibited method.

Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.

Conduct that may be relied upon to establish a failure by the athlete to be available for testing on any given day at the location and time specified in the time-slot identified in his or her athlete whereabouts filing for that day.

Model rules, guidelines and sample forms developed by WADA based on the World Anti-Doping Code and the International Standards to provide state ofthe art solutions in different areas of anti-doping. These models, which arepart of the World Anti-Doping Program, are recommended by WADA to itsstakeholders, but their implementation is not mandatory.

Entity designated by a country as possessing the primary authority andresponsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping rules, as well as direct thecollection of samples, the management of test results, and the conduct ofhearings, all at the national level. If this designation has not been made bythe competent public authority(ies), the entity will be the country's National Olympic Committee or its designee.

Terminology sometimes used to describe an anti-doping rule violation otherthan the presence of a prohibited substance or its metabolites or markers inan athlete’s bodily specimen.

List identifying the substances and methods prohibited in sport. The Prohibited List is one of the four WADA International Standards and ismandatory for signatories to the World Anti-Doping Code.

Anti-Doping Organization established by a group of countries to coordinate,manage and deliver the mandate of doping-free sport within a specificregion. WADA’s anti-doping development program aims at facilitating thecreation of such entities in order to ensure implementation of anti-dopingprograms in all parts of the world.

Pool of top level athletes established separately by each International Federation (IF) and National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO) who are subject to both in-competition and out-of-competition testing as part of that IF’s or NADO’s test distribution plan.

Process for the pre-hearing administration of potential anti-doping ruleviolations. This process notably includes the initial review of the adverseanalytical finding (determination of whether an applicable therapeutic useexemption has been granted, notification of the athlete as regards his or herright to request the B-sample analysis) and the possible imposition of aprovisional suspension. WADA is never involved in the individualmanagement of findings, which falls under the responsibility of the antidopingorganization involved in the particular case.

All of the sequential activities that directly involve the athlete, from notification until the athlete leaves the doping control station after having provided his/her sample/s.

Any biological material collected for the purposes of doping control.

The principle of strict liability means that an anti-doping rule violation occurs whenever a prohibited substance (or its metabolites or markers) is found in the bodily specimen of an athlete, whether or not the athlete intentionally or unintentionally used a prohibited substance or was negligent or otherwise at fault.

Parts of the doping control process involving test distribution planning,sample collection, sample handling, and sample transport to the laboratory.

The International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, WADA, an International Federation, a National SportOrganization, a National Olympic Committee, a Major Event/GamesOrganization, or another authority responsible for sample collection and transport either in-competition or out-of-competition and/or for managementof the test result.

Permission granted to an athlete by an Anti-Doping Organization to use, fortherapeutic purposes, a substance or method included in the Prohibited List.

The International Convention against Doping in Sport (UNESCO Convention)was developed by governments under the aegis of UNESCO and unanimously adopted by UNESCO General Conference on October 19, 2005. It is currentlybeing ratified by governments individually. It is a legal tool enablinggovernments to align domestic policy with the World Anti-Doping Code.

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is the international independentorganization created in 1999 to promote, coordinate and monitor the fightagainst doping in sport in all its forms at the international level. The Agencyis composed and funded equally by the Olympic movement and governmentsof the world. Its key activities include scientific research, education, out-ofcompetitiontesting, development of anti-doping capacities and monitoring ofthe World Anti-Doping Code.

Anti-doping laboratory accredited by WADA in compliance with the International Standard for Laboratories, applying test methods and processesto provide evidentiary data for the detection and, if applicable, quantificationof a threshold substance on he Prohibited List in urine and other biologicalsamples. WADA has been responsible for accrediting and re-accrediting antidopinglaboratories since 2004.

WADA’s ultimate policy-making body responsible for the management andrunning of the Agency, including the performance of activities and theadministration of assets.

WADA’s supreme decision-making and controlling body. It is composedequally of representatives from the Olympic Movement and governments.

Advisory committees providing guidance for WADA’s programs in specificareas. WADA has four Working Committees: Athletes Committee; Health,Medical & Research Committee (and subcommittees: List, Therapeutic UseExemption, Laboratory, and Gene Doping Panel); Education Committee;Finance & Administration Committee.

The World Anti-Doping Code (Code) is the core document that provides theharmonized framework for anti-doping policies, rules, and regulations withinsport organizations and among public authorities.